Six leaves. One opening.
A rotor moves six metal blades. The four documented apertures change the amount of light reaching the sensor.
f/1.48f/1.8f/2.8f/4
SKC / MECHANISM LAB
INSIDE THEMACHINE.
Look beneath the surface. Move the parts. Understand what makes it work.
Sources & accuracy ↓MODEL / 001
iPhone 18 ProBlack
Open full work ↗
FOLLOW THE PRINCIPLE
Preparing the workbench…
Drag to rotate. Open the shell, change the aperture, and follow the light.
MACHINE / AIRSUPLet the numbers follow the parts.
At equal exposure, relative light follows (1.48 / N)². At f/4, the ideal light is 13.69% of f/1.48. Automatic exposure can compensate.
T = (1.48 / N)²
There is a reason for every layer.
Follow the camera, board, battery, receiver coil and cooling structure. Signals and energy move; the electronic components do not spin.
One intake. Two air paths.
The fan divides air between the bypass duct and the core. Follow the cooler bypass stream and the hotter path through compressor, combustor and turbines.
Turbines drive the compressors.
Two concentric shafts connect the high- and low-pressure assemblies. The stator rows stay still while the rotors turn. Rotation is slowed so the parts remain readable.
LP SPOOLHP SPOOL
Move the throttle. See the consequence.
Airflow, compression, added heat and turbine work drive an idealized cycle solver. Thrust changes with its calculated outlet velocities and mass flow.
F = ṁᵦ Vᵦ + ṁ𝚌 V𝚌
The coils stay still.
Three-phase current creates a rotating field. Permanent-magnet and reluctance torque act on the rear rotor.
T = 1.5p[ψ i_q + (L_d − L_q)i_d i_q]
Two reductions, one differential.
Two gear stages reduce speed by 9.0363:1. The open differential shares equal torque while allowing different wheel speeds.
i = (81 / 31) × (83 / 24)
Power follows torque and speed.
Change the input and inspect voltage, current, torque and shaft power. Visible rotation uses a common slow-motion scale.
P = Tω
Wind the spring.
The crown, winding gears and arbor store energy in the mainspring. Its remaining usable turns set the reserve.
6.5 turns × 8 h / turn = 52 h
A balance sets the beat.
The hairspring stiffness and geometry-derived balance inertia set the 2.5 Hz oscillation. The lever meters the escape wheel.
f = √(k / I) / 2π
The wheel train moves the hands.
Meshing ratios connect the escape wheel to small seconds, minutes and hours. Motion is slowed together for inspection.
seconds / minutes / hours
Two sides share the journey.
The counterweight is sized to the reconstructed empty car plus half the assumed 800 kg capacity. A constant rope links their inverse travel.
y_car + y_counterweight = constant
The sheave turns with the rope.
The direct-drive motor turns the sheave. Torque follows load imbalance, acceleration, friction and rotational inertia.
ω = v / R; P = Tω
Stop, level, then open.
Select a stop and queue a payload. Doors open only when stationary and level. Drive loss applies the spring brake.
motor / regenerate / brake
Six cylinders, four strokes.
Follow intake, compression, power and exhaust through a 720° crank cycle. Each piston remains connected to its crank pin.
84 mm bore × 90 mm stroke
The cams turn at half speed.
Two camshafts operate 24 valves. The two mono-scroll turbos serve cylinders 1–3 and 4–6 respectively.
ω_cam = ω_crank / 2
Hear the real firing rate.
The sound is synthesized, not a recording. Its pulse rate follows actual RPM; visible mechanical motion is slowed independently.
6-cylinder four-stroke: f_pulse = RPM / 20
AN EXHIBITION THAT GROWS
Objects worth understanding.
001 / IPHONE 18 PRO
A phone, from the inside out.
Exterior, optical mechanism and wireless coupling. Three ways to discover the same device.
Explore the work ↗
002 / TURBOFAN
From airflow to thrust.
Run the fan, open the core, and follow the working cycle. A moving engine on a real support stand.
Explore the work ↗
003 / MODEL 3 REAR DRIVE
Electricity becomes motion.
A stationary stator, a rotating field, two gear stages and an open differential.
Explore the work ↗
004 / MECHANICAL WATCH
A spring becomes time.
Wind it, reveal it, and follow the escapement that regulates the wheel train.
Explore the work ↗
005 / TRACTION ELEVATOR
A balanced vertical journey.
Three floors, changing payload, regenerative travel and a spring-applied brake.
Explore the work ↗
006 / BMW S58 · 3.0T
The rhythm of an inline six.
Crank, valves, cams and twin turbos, with an illustrative sound that follows RPM.
Explore the work ↗REFERENCE / RECONSTRUCTION
Grounded in the real thing.
What is documented
- 150 × 71.9 × 8.75 mm exterior, aluminium unibody and 6.3-inch OLED.
- Six laser-cut aperture blades and a rotor mechanism; f/1.48, 1.8, 2.8 and 4.
- Sensor-shift OIS, A20 Pro, vapor-chamber cooling and stationary wireless charging coils.
How the demonstration is reconstructed
Exterior proportions follow Apple specifications and repair references. Small internal geometry and movement are simplified or enlarged for teaching. The model does not reproduce Apple engineering CAD or run iOS.
Light, data and heat traces show their roles. They are visual explanations, not measurements of a live phone.
APPLE / SPECIFICATIONSiPhone 18 Pro technical specifications ↗APPLE / CAMERA MECHANISMSix-blade aperture and Pro hardware ↗APPLE / REPAIR REFERENCEInternal and exploded views ↗WPC / INDUCTIONHow Qi transfers energy ↗
A general two-spool turbofan
The fan, bypass duct, compressor, annular combustor and turbines form the working structure. The exhibit uses the Machine Skill reference as a licensed starting point and the provided video for its clear studio presentation.
It is a generic two-spool teaching engine. It does not represent a specific manufacturer's certified engine or a three-spool Trent design.
What the solver simplifies
A zero-dimensional cycle uses static sea-level conditions, component efficiencies and equivalent fully expanded nozzles. Its computed results explain relationships; they are not a certified engine performance map or flight model.
Geometry, fuel scheduling, blade mass and motion are instructional approximations. The standalone work states its equations, assumptions and displayed speed scale.
VIDEO / VISUAL REFERENCEYour reference: Machine Skill demonstration ↗MACHINE / MIT REFERENCEThe original kit and turbofan example ↗NASA / ENGINE PRINCIPLEHow a turbofan divides airflow ↗NASA / THRUSTMass flow and momentum thrust ↗
What the references establish
Tesla documents the historic rear permanent-magnet synchronous motor and nominal 355 V pack. John Kelly’s original teardown gives the 31/81 and 24/83 gear tooth counts and open differential.
Reconstructed geometry and electrical model
This is a teaching reconstruction, not Tesla CAD. Pole/slot count, air gap, magnet geometry, dq parameters, limits and efficiencies are stated assumptions. Readouts use constrained dq equations and P=Tω.
TESLA / HISTORIC MANUALRear drive and battery specifications ↗WEBERAUTO / ORIGINAL TEARDOWNJohn Kelly: drive-unit teardown ↗TI / MOTOR CONTROLField-oriented control reference ↗
A classic manual-wind reference
ETA’s current 6498-1 page documents 36.60 mm diameter, 4.50 mm movement height, 17 jewels, 18,000 vibrations/hour and a typical 52-hour reserve.
An original SKC teaching watch
The steel and sapphire watch, gear layout, enlarged spacing and simplified winding system are original reconstruction. Spring sections, elasticity, damping and efficiency are assumptions; this is not an ETA CAD replica or a certified timing instrument.
Traction principles
TK Elevator describes the direct-drive gearless motor, sheave and counterweight. Otis explains regeneration during light-car ascent or heavy-car descent.
Generic 1:1 teaching rig
The three-stop 1:1 rope model is not an Otis Gen2 reproduction, which uses 2:1 suspension. Geometry, capacity, friction, efficiencies and timing are assumptions. Rope elasticity and detailed traction are omitted; brake behavior is illustrative, not certification software.
TK ELEVATOR / GEARLESS DRIVEGearless traction explained ↗OTIS / REGENERATIVE DRIVEGen2 Switch brochure ↗
2021 M3 Competition reference
BMW documents the 2,993 cc engine, 84 × 90 mm bore/stroke, 24 valves, 375 kW and 650 Nm, with two mono-scroll turbos serving separate groups of three cylinders.
Motion, geometry and sound assumptions
The reconstruction follows the 2021 reference. Small geometry, combustion, valve profiles and timing are simplified; the displayed firing sequence is a stated teaching assumption pending a primary sequence source. Synthetic sound follows RPM. It does not reproduce BMW CAD, ECU calibration or a measured exhaust recording.